BOOK+MOVIEHYBRIDSIntegrating print withsound & motionpictures |
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* THE FINE PRINT. IT IS NO ACCIDENT THAT THE FINE PRINT IS OFTEN ALL UPPERCASE LETTERS. BECAUSE BESIDES LOOKING LOUD AND BUSY, ALL UPPERCASE WORDS ARE NOT AS EASY TO READ AS MIXED CASE WORDS.
[THIS IS AN INTERACTIVE ONLINE ART INSTALLATION DESIGNED TO SIMULATE AN ONLINE BUSINESS. THIS IS NOT A REAL BUSINESS THAT ACTUALLY EXPECTS TO MAKE A REAL PROFIT. WE ONLY EXPECT TO GIVE EVERYONE WHO PARTICIPATES AND VISITS PAINPANG.COM A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DYNAMIC INTERACTIVITY INVOLVED IN ONLINE BUSINESSES... BETWEEN BUYERS AND SELLERS... WINDOW SHOPPERS AND WINDOW PROMOTERS... AND WHAT THIS MEANS TO ART, BUSINESS, THE ART BUSINESS AND THE CREATIVE PROCESS IN GENERAL. OUR BUSINESS MODEL IS OUR ART MODEL HERE.]
[OUR ART BUSINESS MODEL IS AS REAL AS MONEY GETS. THE SCRIPT: "MAKE NO MISTAKE, THIS WEBSITE DEALS IN REAL MONEY, NOT PLAY MONEY. IN SOME PEOPLES EYES, THE ONLY PLAY MONEY HERE IS THE ARTWORK. AND PAINPANG.COM FULLY INTENDS TO SHOW HOW TO CONVERT THE SEEMINGLY THEORETICAL VALUE OF OUR ARTWORK INTO REAL CURRENCY —THE SINGLE MOST UNIVERSAL SCORECARD IN THE GAME OF VALUATION. THIS GAME DEALS IN FINITE VALUES. AND THOUGH GOD — THE INFINITE — MAY NOT PLAY THIS GAME, EVERYONE ELSE DOES, WILLINGLY OR UNWILLINGLY. EVEN THOUGH THE VALUE OF CURRENCIES FLUCTUATE ON THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET AND A COUNTRY'S PAPER CAN BECOME WORTHLESS, 'REAL CURRENCY' STILL APPEARS FAR LESS THEORETICAL IN VALUE TO MOST PEOPLE. WHILE EVERY VALUE HAS TO FIGHT TO PROVE ITSELF TO THE WORLD, MONEY USUALLY HAS LESS OF A BATTLE TO WIN. SADLY, THIS IS TRUE EVEN OF THE VALUE OF A HUMAN LIFE, LET ALONE THE VALUE OF A WORK OF ART. MONEY IS THE MOST PRACTICAL, MOST WIDELY ACCEPTED AND, THEREFORE, THE MOST REAL VALUE SYSTEM IN THE WHOLE THEORETICAL ARENA OF VALUATION FOR MOST PEOPLE —AT LEAST IN THE ARENA OF FINITE VALUATIONS. THUS THIS IS AN AS REAL AS IT GETS SIMULATION OF AN ACTUAL BUSINESS. THIS IS THE THEATRE OF THE FINITE. " ]
[THIS IS AN AS-REAL-AS-IT-GETS SIMULATION OF AN ACTUAL BUSINESS BECAUSE IT INVOLVES ACTUAL ORDERS PLACED BY ACTUAL CUSTOMERS (YOU) INVOLVING ACTUAL MONEY (YOURS AND OURS) PRODUCING ACTUAL SILKSCREENS BY ACTUAL ARTISTS THAT ARE ACTUALLY DELIVERED TO YOU — ALL JUST AS DESCRIBED, HERE AND ELSEWHERE, ON PAINPANG.COM. EVERYTHING PUBLISHED ON PAINPANG.COM DESCRIBING OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, OUR ORDER FULFILMENT PROCESS, OUR MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE, ETC., ... IS TRUE. YOU WILL NOT BE DEFRAUDED BY PARTICIPATING IN THIS INTERACTIVE ONLINE ART INSTALLATION SIMULATION OF AN ONLINE BUSINESS. WE ARE ONLY TRYING TO MAKE THIS SIMULATION AS REAL AS POSSIBLE IN ORDER TO HEIGHTEN INTEREST AND INVOLVEMENT. WE ARE TRYING TO PEAK INTEREST AND INVOLVEMENT IN ORDER TO DISCOVER HOW TO GET DEEPER INTO THE CREATIVE PROCESS OF ARTISTIC AND FINANCIAL COLLABORATIONS. SOME PEOPLE LIKE TO MAKE THEIR BETS MORE INTERESTING BY PLACING REAL MONEY ON THEM. WE ARE TRYING TO MAKE OUR INTERACTIVE ART INSTALLATION SIMULATION MORE INTERESTING BY LETTING EVERYONE MAKE REAL MONEY BETS ON THE ARTISTS AND ART PRODUCED HERE. SO COME AND PARTICIPATE IN PAINPANG.COM'S COLLABORATIVE CREATIVE PROCESS OF PRODUCING MADE-TO-ORDER SILKSCREENS FOR PROFIT.]
[THIS BUSINESS SIMULATION IS TRANSPARENT. A TRANSPARENT BUSINESS MODEL IS PAINPANG.COM'S ART MODEL. PAINPANG.COM WANTS THIS INTERACTIVE ONLINE ART INSTALLATION OF A BUSINESS SIMULATION TO BE AS TRANSPARENT AS POSSIBLE SO THAT EVERYONE HAS A CHANCE TO OBSERVE WHAT GOES ON HERE. HOWEVER, NO ONE HAS TO DIVULGE THEIR IDENTITY IN ORDER TO PARTICIPATE. NO ACTUAL IDENTITY OF ANY CUSTOMER IS REVEALED ON PAINPANG.COM'S WEBSITE. (SEE OUR PRIVACY POLICY.) NEVERTHELESS, TRANSPARENCY IS STILL THE GOAL HERE. SO HOW DO WE AIM TO ACHIEVE TRANSPARENCY? PAINPANG.COM INTENDS TO POST AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE ON ITS WEBSITE ABOUT ITS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS, SUCH AS PROFITS AND LOSES... COMPLAINTS... SUGGESTIONS..., WITHOUT REVEALING SPECIFIC IDENTITIES. IF WE DO NOT MAKE EVEN ONE SALE, YOU WILL KNOW ABOUT IT. IF WE LOSE MONEY, YOU WILL KNOW ABOUT IT. IF WE MAKE EVEN ONE PENNY IN PROFIT, YOU WILL KNOW ABOUT IT. IF WE GET EVEN ONE COMPLAINT FROM A DISSATISFIED PARTICIPANT, YOU WILL KNOW ABOUT IT.]
[THERE IS NO MALICIOUS CODE AT PAINPANG.COM. THERE ARE NO MALICIOUS CODERS AT PAINPANG.COM. PLEASE CONTACT US AND INFORM US IF YOU SUSPECT THERE IS, BECAUSE NO ONE HERE PUT IT THERE. AND WE DO NOT WANT ANY AT PAINPANG.COM.]
[EXPECT DELAYS IN THE CREATION OF YOUR SILKSCREEN ARTWORK: "SUPER SLOW INTERACTIVITY." THIS INTERACTIVE ONLINE ART INSTALLATION INVOLVES MOSTLY SUPER SLOW INTERACTIVITY BECAUSE MUCH OF OUR INTERACTION WITH YOU WILL INVOLVE USPS SNAIL MAIL, NOT EMAIL OR AUTOMATED SYSTEMS. (MORE INSTANTANEOUS ONLINE INTERACTIVITY FEATURES WILL BE ADDED TO PAINPANG.COM.) EXPECT DELAYS IN THE CREATION OF YOUR ORIGINAL SILKSCREEN, BECAUSE EACH ORDER IS MADE-TO-ORDER BY THE ARTIST AND NOT PRE-MADE. THERE WILL BE A FEW WEEKS AFTER YOU PLACE YOUR SILKSCREEN ORDER BEFORE YOU RECEIVE YOUR FRESHLY MADE ARTWORK. HOWEVER, THERE WILL BE NO DELAY AFTER ACTUAL PAYMENT IS MADE (AND THE CHECK HAS CLEARED) BECAUSE NO PAYMENT IS REQUIRED OF YOU UNTIL YOUR ORDER HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND THE FINAL ARTWORK APPROVED BY YOU. AFTER PAYMENT HAS CLEARED, YOUR ARTWORK IS IMMEDIATELY SHIPPED OUT TO YOU.]
[A NOTE ON UNIQUENESS AND ORIGINALITY IN THE ART WORLD: "IT IS GOOD TO BE DIFFERENT." AS MUCH AS ANY AUTHOR OR ARTIST WOULD LIKE TO LEGALLY PRINT HIS OWN MONEY AND GET AWAY WITH IT FROM UNDER THE WATCHFUL EYES OF RESPECTED ART AUTHORITIES..., THESE POSTER-SIZE WORKS OF ART ARE NOT MASS REPRODUCTIONS. NOR ARE THEY MASS REPRODUCTIONS MARKETED AS LIMITED EDITIONS. "A LIMITED EDITION IS A SERIES OF IDENTICAL PRINTS." THE ARTWORK BEING SOLD HERE ARE NOT IDENTICAL PRINTS PRODUCED BY A PURELY MECHANICAL PRINTING PROCESS. EACH HANDMADE POSTER-SIZE SILKSCREEN IS AN INDIVIDUAL RE-CREATION OF THE ARTIST'S OWN WORK... BY THE ORIGINAL ARTIST (EXCEPT IN COLLABORATION PIECES, SEE BELOW)... THAT MAY LEAD TO NEW VERSIONS OF WHAT IS PICTURED IN THE GALLERY. IN SHORT, EACH SILKSCREEN MAY OR MAY NOT LOOK EXACTLY AS PICTURED IN THE GALLERY. THIS IS BECAUSE THE ARTIST IS FREE TO MAKE NEW CHANGES TO THE IMAGE IN ORDER NOT TO BORE HIMSELF WITH THE POSSIBLY TEDIOUS TASK OF MANUALLY MAKING EXACT REPRODUCTIONS OF THE ORIGINAL IMAGE ONE SEES IN THE GALLERY. AND THIS BREATHING ROOM FOR DIFFERENTIATION OR DEPARTURE FROM THE ORIGINAL IMAGE PICTURED IN THE GALLERY GIVES THE ARTWORK THAT YOU BUY ITS SPECIAL MARK OF UNIQUENESS. AND THE MORE UNIQUE IT IS, THE MORE ORIGINAL IT IS. THUS THESE MARKS OF UNIQUENESS AND, THEREFORE, ORIGINALITY, MAY WELL PROVE FAR MORE VALUABLE FOR COLLECTORS THAN ANY LIMITED EDITION OF PERFECT REPRODUCTIONS ACHIEVED THROUGH PURELY MECHANICAL MEANS. ONE-OF-A-KIND ART OBJECTS STILL FETCH THE HIGHEST PRICES. SO ONE-OF-A-KINDS, INCLUDING SILKSCREENS, ARE STILL THE MOST DESIRABLE AND VALUABLE AS FAR AS THE ART MARKET IS CONCERNED.]
[PAYMENT DEPENDS ON YOUR APPROVAL OF THE FINAL SILKSCREEN'S EMAIL PHOTO. AS ALREADY NOTED; EVEN AFTER YOU HAVE MADE YOUR SELECTION FROM PAINPANG.COM'S GALLERY OF ORIGINAL ARTWORK AND PLACED YOUR ORDER, YOU WILL NOT KNOW WHAT THE FINAL SILKSCREEN WILL LOOK LIKE... EXACTLY... UNTIL WE EMAIL YOU A PHOTO OF THE FINISHED SILKSCREEN WORK. FOR EVEN THOUGH THE ARTIST BEGINS WITH THE IMAGE YOU HAVE CHOSEN FROM PAINPANG.COM'S GALLERY, HE IS STILL FREE TO RENDER EACH SERIGRAPH OR SILKSCREEN AS HE CHOOSES. THUS THE IMAGE THAT YOU INITIALLY CHOOSE MAY ONLY BE A STARTING POINT. OR IT MAY TURN OUT TO BE THE FINAL DESTINATION (WHEREUPON THE FINAL PRODUCT WILL LOOK JUST LIKE THE PICTURE YOU SAW IN THE GALLERY). IT IS UP TO THE ARTIST. THEREFORE YOU WILL NOT BE ASKED TO PAY UNTIL AFTER YOU HAVE SEEN AND APPROVED A DIGITAL PHOTO OF THE FINAL PRODUCT, WHICH WILL BE EMAILED TO YOU.]
[LIKE SURPRISES? LIKE TO GAMBLE? COME TO PAINPANG.COM FOR ALL YOUR SIGHTSEEING PLEASURES AND GAMBLING NEEDS. NO ONE EVER KNOWS WHAT THEY'RE GOING TO SEE AT PAINPANG.COM. AND WE HERE LIKE IT THAT WAY. PAINPANG.COM'S SILKSCREEN ORDER & FULFILMENT PROCESS IS ON-LINE SIGHTSEEING & GAMBLING PLEASURE WITHOUT THE RISK. PLACE AN ORDER AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS. THE WORST THAT CAN HAPPEN HERE IS THAT YOU DON'T LIKE WHAT YOU SEE. BUT THERE IS NO GAMBLING PLEASURE WITHOUT THE RISK, YOU SAY? THEN THE BEST THING THAT CAN HAPPEN HERE IS THAT YOU DON'T LIKE WHAT YOU SEE. SO TAKE A CHANCE AND SEE WHAT'S HAPPENING AT PAINPANG.COM.]
[COME WATCH US SUCCEED OR FAIL. EITHER WAY, PAINPANG.COM SAYS YOU WILL BE GREATLY ENTERTAINED. IF WE SUCCEED, YOU WIN. IF WE FAIL, YOU WIN. FOR IF WE SUCCEED AS ARTISTS, YOU WILL PROFIT FROM NOT ONLY YOUR PURCHASES HERE, BUT EVEN MORE FROM WHAT YOU EXPERIENCE HERE. IF WE FAIL AS ARTIST, YOU WILL GET TO EXPERIENCE THE DRAMA OF OUR FALL. AND THIS UBIQUITOUS EVERYMAN DRAMA IS WELL KNOWN TO BE RICHLY SATISFYING AND REWARDING TO BOTH FRIENDS AND ENEMIES ALIKE, EVEN IF FOR DIFFERENT REASONS AND IN DIFFERENT WAYS. COME TO PAINPANG.COM TO CHEER US ON AND TRUMPET OUR FALL. ]
[DON'T LIKE SURPRISES? DON'T LIKE TO GAMBLE? YOU LIKE WHAT YOU SAW IN THE PAINPANG.COM PICTURE GALLERY AND YOU DON'T WANT TO TAKE ANY CHANCES WITH A NEW, CHANGED OR EVEN SLIGHTLY ALTERED IMAGE? THEN THERE IS GOOD NEWS HERE FOR YOU TOO. YOU CAN ALWAYS REQUEST THAT THE ARTIST TRY TO BE AS FAITHFUL AS POSSIBLE TO THE ORIGINAL IMAGE PICTURED IN THE GALLERY. JUST BE SURE TO ADD ANY SPECIAL REQUEST TO YOUR ORDER FORM. BUT IN ANY CASE, IT IS STILL UP TO THE ARTIST TO FILL OR EVEN TRY TO FILL YOUR ORDER. AND THIS ALWAYS COMES DOWN TO A QUESTION OF WHETHER HE WANTS TO DO YOUR SILKSCREEN. WHICH ALWAYS COMES DOWN TO WHETHER HE FEELS LIKE DOING YOUR SILKSCREEN. BUT GIVE IT A SHOT, WE SAY, AND FEEL FREE TO PLACE AN ORDER.]
[SPECIAL COMMISSIONS OR CUSTOMIZATIONS ARE POSSIBLE. YES, EVEN FOR THE SAME $50 PRICE. SOME ARTISTS MIGHT BE OPEN TO SPECIFIC CREATIVE SUGGESTIONS FROM YOU IF THEY LIKE YOUR SUGGESTIONS. IT'S UP TO THEM. JUST BE SURE TO ADD ANY SPECIAL REQUEST TO YOUR ORDER FORM. WE DO NOT GENERALLY ACCEPT ORDERS FOR CUSTOMIZATIONS THAT ASK THE ARTISTS TO PUT YOUR NAME, LOGO, OR PICTURE ON THE SILKSCREEN DESIGN; BECAUSE THE ARTISTS WON'T BE ABLE TO SELL IT TO ANYONE ELSE IF YOU DECIDE NOT TO BUY THE FINISHED SILKSCREEN. THERE IS ONE EXCEPTION: PAINPANG.COM WILL ACCEPT A PICTURE OF YOURSELF FOR INCORPORATION INTO YOUR SILKSCREEN IF YOU SIGN A RELEASE THAT GIVES THE ARTIST CREATING YOUR PERSONALIZED SILKSCREEN PERMISSION TO USE AND SELL YOUR PICTURE TO OTHERS. THE PICTURE YOU SUBMIT MUST BE A PICTURE OF YOU, NOT OF SOMEONE ELSE. FOR YOU CANNOT USUALLY SIGN A RELEASE FOR SOMEONE ELSES' PICTURE. BUT IN ANY CASE, IT IS STILL UP TO THE ARTIST TO FILL OR EVEN TRY TO FILL YOUR ORDER. AND THIS ALWAYS COMES DOWN TO A QUESTION OF WHETHER HE WANTS TO DO YOUR SILKSCREEN. WHICH ALWAYS COMES DOWN TO WHETHER HE FEELS LIKE DOING YOUR SILKSCREEN. BUT GIVE IT A SHOT, WE SAY, AND FEEL FREE TO PLACE AN ORDER. ]
[ SILKSCREEN PURCHASES ARE NOT LIKE ANY OTHER PURCHASES AT PAINPANG.COM. THERE IS NEVER ANY PROBLEMS WITH FILLING ORDERS FOR BOOKS OR MOVIES, FOR EXAMPLE. THIS IS BECAUSE OUR BOOKS AND DVDS ARE MOSTLY MECHANICAL REPRODUCTIONS OF ORIGINAL WORKS MANUFACTURED THROUGH AUTOMATED PROCESSES THAT REQUIRE LITTLE HUMAN INTERVENTION. BUT UNLIKE THE BOOKS AND MOVIES SOLD AT PAINPANG.COM, EVERY SILKSCREEN ORDER PLACED AT PAINPANG.COM REQUIRES TREMENDOUS HUMAN PARTICIPATION FROM A WILLING ARTIST. THUS EVERY SILKSCREEN ORDER PLACED AT PAINPANG.COM FACES THE VERY REAL POSSIBILITY OF NEVER GETTING MADE. THIS IS BECAUSE PAINPANG.COM DOES NOT HAVE ANY CONTROL OVER ANY OF THE ARTISTS HERE OR ANYWHERE. EXPECT CANCELLATIONS AND YOU WILL NEVER BE SURPRISED BY ONE. IT IS ALWAYS UP TO THE ARTIST TO FILL OR EVEN TRY TO FILL YOUR ORDER. AND IT IS ALWAYS YOUR MONEY UNTIL YOU CHOOSE TO PART WITH IT. AGAIN, LET ME REMIND YOU THAT YOU MUST APPROVE AN EMAIL PHOTO OF THE FINAL FINISHED SILKSCREEN BEFORE YOU CAN PAY FOR IT. ALL SILKSCREEN ORDERS MUST BE APPROVED VISUALLY IN THIS WAY. PAINPANG.COM IS DETERMINED TO MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO BE SURE YOU ONLY PART WITH YOUR MONEY BECAUSE YOU ACTUALLY SEE SOMETHING YOU LIKE IN THE FINAL PRODUCT. IF WE HAVE TO DISAPPOINT YOU, WE WOULD MUCH RATHER DISAPPOINT YOU BY NOT FILLING YOUR ORDER THAN DISAPPOINT YOU BY MAKING YOU BUY SOMETHING YOU DO NOT WANT.]
[WHAT ABOUT DELIVERY PROBLEMS OR BUYER'S REMORSE? IF YOUR ORDER CANNOT BE FILLED FOR ANY REASON, YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED BY EMAIL AS SOON AS WE KNOW. IF YOU HAVE ALREADY PAID, THEN THAT MEANS YOUR ORDER WAS ALREADY FILLED AND APPROVED BY YOU. THE ONLY PROBLEM THAT COULD THEN RESULT AT THAT STAGE OF THE TRANSACTION IS A PROBLEM WITH ITS DELIVERY OR A CHANGE OF HEART BY YOU UPON ACTUALLY SEEING THE FINISHED SILKSCREEN IN FRONT OF YOU. IN THE CASE OF DELIVERY, WE PAY OUR DELIVERY SERVICE TO INSURE & TRACK ALL OUR SHIPMENTS. SO YOU WILL BE GIVEN A FULL REFUND, INCLUDING OUR SHIPPING & HANDLING CHARGE, IF THERE IS A VERIFIABLE DELIVERY PROBLEM. IN THE CASE OF BUYER'S REMORSE, PAINPANG.COM'S "30-DAY MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE (MINUS SHIPPING)" SHOULD HELP EASE YOUR PAIN. JUST RETURN THE SILKSCREEN WITHIN 3O DAYS OF RECEIVING IT.]
[SIGNED AND DATED COLLABORATIONS. IF THE ORIGINAL ARTIST OF THE IMAGE YOU CHOOSE FROM THE GALLERY IS NOT THE ARTIST PRINTING YOUR SELECTION, YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED OF THIS WHEN THE PHOTO OF THE FINAL PRODUCT IS EMAILED TO YOU. AND IF THIS IS INDEED THE CASE, BOTH THE ARTIST OF THE ORIGINAL WORK AND THE ARTIST WHO PRINTS AND INTERPRETS IT WILL BE SIGNING THE FINISHED WORK AS A COLLAORATION PIECE. YOU MAY REQUEST THAT THE ORIGINAL ARTIST BE THE ONLY ONE TO MAKE YOUR PRINT. BUT ALL ARTISTS AT PAINPANG.COM ARE EQUALLY UNKNOWN AS OF THIS TIME. AND IT JUST MAY TURN OUT IN THE FUTURE THAT THE ARTIST WHO PRINTED AND INTERPRETED YOUR WORK HAS BECOME MORE WELL-KNOWN THAN THE ONE WHO CREATED THE ORIGINAL IMAGE POSTED IN THE GALLERY. IN ANY CASE, YOU MAY HAVE BETTER ODDS OF SEEING YOUR ARTWORK APPRECIATE IN VALUE IF THERE ARE TWO NAMES ON IT INSTEAD OF JUST ONE.]
[30-DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE (MINUS SHIPPING & HANDLING CHARGES) ON ALL PURCHASES IS OUR RETURN POLICY. JUST RETURN THE ITEM(S) YOU PAID FOR WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIVING IT. THERE IS NEVER ANY OBLIGATION TO BUY. SO FEEL FREE TO PLACE AN ORDER. AND IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE VERSION THAT IS PICTURED IN THE PHOTO EMAILED TO YOU, FEEL FREE TO PLACE A NEW ORDER... AND SEE IF YOU APPROVE OF THE NEW VERSION. OF COURSE, THE ARTIST IS ALSO FREE TO REFUSE (TO FULFILL) ANY ORDER. THERE IS NEVER ANY OBLIGATION AT PAINPANG.COM TO PRODUCE. IT IS POT LUCK ALL THE TIME AT PAINPANG.COM. EVERYONE IS INVITED. BUT NO ONE HAS TO EAT OR COME.]
[ "OUR PRICES ARE INSANE!" AT THESE PRICES AND AT THIS SPEED OF PRODUCTION, IT SHOULD BE OBVIOUS THAT THIS IS NOT A BUSINESS THAT ANYONE HERE CAN LIVE ON. IT IS JUST DRINKING MONEY FOR THE ARTISTS HERE AND A CHANCE TO REACH A LARGER AUDIENCE. NOTHING MORE. SO DON'T SUPPORT THE ARTS, SUPPORT US! HELP US BUY DRINKS FOR OUR FRIENDS.]
What Is a Serigraph or Silkscreen?
by Art.com, 1995-2004
Silkscreening, which was introduced around 1907, presses ink through a fine screen onto paper. A stencil of an image is placed on a taut screen with paper underneath. Ink is then spread on top and forced through the screen onto the paper with a squeegee. Unlike photo-offset, silkscreens (also called serigraphs) allow the artist to vary the colors and patterns while printing.
Origins of Screenprinting
by Bamber Gascoigne, 2004
( How to Identify Prints : A complete guide to manual and mechanical processes from woodcut to inkjet )
"Screenprinting is the first major new arrival in the printmaker's repertoire since the developement of lithography. Its origins lie in the early twentieth century among processes used for the speeding up of hand-colouring and of sign-writing by the use of stencils."
"Screenprinting was first taken seriously in the 1960s by Pop artists, attracted by its flexibility, its ability to incorporate all kinds of existing images, and no doubt by its exclusively commercial pedigree. The last is no longer the case, for it has now become a standard and extremely useful part of the artist-printmaker's repertoire."
Origins of Stenciling
by Painpang.com, 2004
( How to Identify Yourself : A complete guide to ancient manual processes from fingerpainting to fingerprinting )
Stenciling is three-dimentional object tracing. No matter how flat a stencil appears, it is still a three-dimentional object that one uses to make a physical image by tracing this object. The stencil itself can be made by tracing (i.e., drawing) an image from one's eye, mind, memory and imagination onto an object by hand, like a piece of paper, then cutting this image out from the paper to give you a physical outline to make your traces with. But this stencil fashioned from a piece of paper is still a three-dimensional object. And the traces one makes using this paper stencil are still traces of a three-dimensional object. And the negative space left by the image one cuts out of the stencil --- the negative space that one fills in with pigment in the process of stenciling --- is still the negative space of a three-dimensional object.
As Gascoigne already noted above, the origins of screenprinting can be traced back to stenciling. And he writes, "Hand-colouring of prints by stencil has been practised since the earliest days of printmaking, and there was a fashion for book illustrations coloured by this method from around (1900) to the 1930s."
But stenciling is the oldest known physical form of deliberate object tracing by man... if one considers any deliberate object tracing by hand to be a form of stenciling. For the origins of stenciling itself can be traced back to early cave paintings. When early man first traced his own hand on the wall of a cave, he left his first deliberate record of his own personal physical existence. This deliberate record was his first historic record. In short, stenciling 'made history' in the strict sense. It marked pre-historic man's transformation into historic man. Thus stenciling may well represent one of the oldest forms of printmaking if not the oldest form of printmaking. The only older form of printmaking might again be an imprint of early man's hand on the same cave wall, though an imprint made not by tracing his hand but by covering his hand with pigment and deliberately pressing his wet pigment-covered hand against the wall. And the earliest form of sculpture might be early man deliberately pressing his hand onto the surface of soft mud or clay, leaving a hardened impression of his hand behind. Just as children do today. These hand molds are not sophisticated technically or artistically but they are intentional. And being intentional, these hand molds are different from the incidental footprints left behind by animals and man.
So what is the intention being expressed here? Is man simply marking his territory like an animal; scratching here, urinating there? Whether technically sophisticated or artistically gifted or not; it is still all about leaving a mark of yourself, your world, behind... to let both you and the world know you are... or were... here. That you and your world are... or were... alive! That you do indeed matter because your identity still exists in some form of matter in some recognizable way --- a recognizable identity preserved in some form of matter that the living can and actually do notice... and recognize... miraculously. And this act of recognition is all important, for every form of recognition is an acknowledgement that you are indeed important enough to be noticed and identified, and perhaps even identified with. And while the names of your identity may change, every name you are given is yet another mark of your importance. This is true even of undesirable names. For the only undesirable name, here, is the one that is forgetable... and forgotten. Every name you are known by is, first and foremost, a mark of your unnameable existence on the unnameable consciousness of unnameable others. Man marks the territory of his sense of importance by marking his own mind and the minds of others. Yet this territory remains as mysterious as the origin of man's sense of importance. His sense of importance ---every thing and every one that is important to him--- is ultimately unexplainable.
Stenciling made and left some of the most direct known records of the existence of early man's own physical body other than his actual bones. His own stenciled image of himself was one of the closest realistic imprints of his own physical existence available to him at that time. This stenciled self-image was his photographic imprint. It was his photocopy of himself. It was deliberate; tangible evidence of one man's mysterious sense of importance. It is deliberate tangible evidence of Everyman's profoundly mysterious Sense of Importance of unknown origin.
What Is a Limited Edition?
by Art.com, 1995-2004
A limited edition is a series of identical prints, which are limited to a one-time printing of a certain number of pieces. The artist determines the size of the edition, and usually signs and numbers each individual piece.
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